AccessibilityAudio and video
It’s important to consider how people with different access needs will use media content.
See the impact that video captions have on user interaction, or read about Martine, an online student who is hard of hearing.
Helping everyone
Making your audio and video content accessible can benefit users with and without a disability.
For example, any user may choose to quickly read through a transcript instead of watching a video.
Or they might use captions in loud locations where the audio can’t be heard or in quiet environments where sound can’t be used. Captions can also be helpful to people who are not native speakers of the language.
The basics
Do the following things to start making your video or audio content accessible (this is not a comprehensive list):
- provide a transcript
- use captions for video
- provide an audio description for video that includes important visual information
- make it clear where to find the transcript and audio-described version
- use a media player that meets accessibility considerations such as keyboard accessibility
| User | Access need | May find helpful |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive impairment | Difficulty processing auditory information | Captions |
| Deaf or has a hearing impairment | Cannot hear the audio | Captions or a transcript |
| Blind or partially sighted | Cannot see the visual elements of a video | Text-to-speech software to read a transcript Audio description to describe video content |
| Deafblind | Cannot hear audio or see the visual elements | Transcript, which can be converted to braille |
| Motor impaired | Cannot use a mouse | Media player that can be controlled using keyboard or voice input |
Creating good content
You should make your audio and video content as accessible as possible as well as providing appropriate alternatives to ensure that everyone has a comparable experience. See An inclusive approach to video production for one way to do this.
The Making Audio and Video Media Accessible guide provides a great exploration of accessibility considerations.
The video and audio itself
Your video and audio content needs be as accessible as possible, even before you provide alternatives such as captions and a transcript.
When creating the video and audio consider the following.
Do:
- make sure speech can be clearly heard and there’s good separation from any background noise
- make sure information makes sense to people who cannot see the video by being as descriptive as possible in the main audio
- add audio description to convey information that cannot be included in the main audio
- try to have the speaker in frame
- allow space for a sign language interpreter
- make sure text is easy to read and has good colour contrast
Do not:
- use jargon, acronyms or idioms
- use flashing content as this may cause seizures
Captions
You should always provide captions that are synchronised with the audio. Captions are the audio in text form, displayed on the video screen.
When creating captions, make sure you:
- make it clear who’s speaking
- include important sounds as well as speech
- check them for accuracy if you’re auto-generating them
- use closed captions when the video player supports this
Find out more about pre-recorded captions and live captions.
Closed and open captions
Use closed captions rather than open captions. Closed captions can be hidden or shown by the user.
Transcript
Provide a transcript for all media content. A transcript is the text of all the content in a video, presented separately from it.
Make sure you:
- include all the audio and visual information so that users can understand all the content that’s in the video just from the transcript
- position the transcript next to the video or clearly link to it
- create a transcript that’s accessible
Audio description
An audio description describes visual information needed to understand the content of a video.
Make sure you:
- make it clear where to find the audio-described version (if separate from the main video content)
- include all the audio and visual information in the video so that you could understand all the content
Alternatively, if your video is narrated, you could incorporate any important visual information into the narration.
Media player accessibility
In addition to making the content accessible, the video or audio player must also be fully accessible:
- do not autoplay video or audio content
- ensure that the media player meets all other accessibility considerations, such as keyboard accessibility
Sign language
Provide sign language interpretation for video that has audio content - when you have identified a need.
When you cannot make something accessible
Tell users when certain accessibility features are not present and why, such as no captions due to the video not having important auditory information.
Provide dates for fixes and include these in your accessibility statement.
Get in touch
If you’ve got a question or suggestion share it on the UK Home Office Slack channel #ask-accessibility or email accessibility@homeoffice.gov.uk.